thompson



(No Model.)

W. H. THOMPSON.

2 sheets-she BAKBBJS OVEN. l

. Patented Feb.v 23, 188

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UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

WILLIAM HENRY THOMPSON, OF LEEDS, COUNTY OF YORK, ENGLAND, ASSIGNOR TO THE THOMPSON GAS, KILN AND OVEN COMPANY.

BAKERS OVEN.

SPECIFICATION forming part of LettersPatent No. 336,767, dated February 23, 1886.

Application filed June 17, 1885. Serial No. 169,004.

(No model.)

Patented in England March 30, 1885, No. 4,017.

`carbon iluid, and in which'the oven is continuously heated by the burners during the s baking operation.

The invention is more particularly intended for ovens which are contained wholly within a metal casing, and whichare portable, so that they may be moved from place to place with the same facility as an ordinary stove; but the invention, or certain features thereof, may be embodied in fixed ovens.

The invention relates to that class of ovens in which the hot gases from the burners pass through tubes arranged within the oven or baking-chamber to aid in heating the same.

The apparatus in its most approved form comprises a baking oven or chamber, a heating-chamber situated below the iioor of the baking oven or chamber, and wherein are contained the burners for heating the same, tubes arranged within the baking oven or chamber and communicating at their one end with the heating-chamber, so as to receive the products of combustion and heated air, and communieating at their other end with an escape-Hue or smoke-box from which the smoke-pipe extends to the atmosphere. From the chamber or box into which the Waste products of combustion are delivered from the heating-tubes the smoke-pipe preferably extends directly across the oven within or below the heatingchamber, and thence upward, and that portion of the smoke-pipe which extends horizontally below the heating-chamber and thence upward is surrounded by a fresh-air jacket, wherein the air is heated by the Waste products radiating from the pipe, and from which the air escapes into the heating-chamber, and there supports the combustion at the contained burners. When gas is employed as the heating agent, it is admitted to one or more gasboxes of requisite capacity, which are arranged in the heating-chamber, and in which the gas is heated before it is supplied to the burners.

By thus heating the gas and air before they combine to produce combustion by the heat which would otherwise be wasted a considerable economy iu the operation of the oven is effected.

The invention consists in novel features of construction and in the manner of combining the several parts of the apparatus, as herein-l after fully described, and pointed out in the claims.

VIn the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a front elevation of an oven embodying my invention. Fig. 2 is a vertical section thereof, taken in a plane parallel with the front. Fig. 3 is a vertical section on the plane of the dotted line x x, Fig. 2; and Fig. 4 is a horizontal section on the plane of the dotted line yy, Fig. 2.

Similar letters of reference designate corresponding parts in all the figures.

A designates the outer shell or casing of the apparatus,which, as shown, is of rectangular form, and may be of sheet-iron or other plate or cast metal. i

B designates the baking oven or chamber which is formed therein. Extending horizontally within the outer casing or shell,.A, and near the bottom thereof, is a plate, C, of metal, and within the outer shell or casing and above this plate is an internal shell or lining, A', which may also be of sheet metal, there being formed between the inner and outer shells, A A', a space or jacket, A2, which may be filled with slag, wool, or other suitable non-conducting substance.

D designates the door of the oven or bakingchamber, which may consist of ametal plate, a, and the tile or tiles a superposed thereon.

Below the floor D of the oven or bakingchamber is a heating-chamber, E, and at one end ofthe heating-chamber is asmoke chamber or box, F, which extends across within the shell or casing A. rlhe heating-chamber E is provided with a horizontal plate or partition, b, and below this plate or partition a smoke-pipe, G, extends from the smoke box or chamber F horizontally across the apparatus and thence upward on the outside of the same.

Within the oven or baking-chamber Bare arranged side by sidealarge number of heat- .ing-tubes, c, the ends of which are secured by ICO lock-nuts or through other means in the platea, forming part of the oven-floor D. Those ends of these heating-tubes c which are at the right hand of Fig. 2 communicate directly with the heating-chamber E, while those ends which are at the lcft hand of Fig. 2 communicate directl y with the smoke chamber or box F.

I have here shown arranged within the heating-chamber E two gas-boxes, d. which 'may be supplied with gas through suitable pipes, d', (shown in Fig. 4,) and upon which are mounted a number of burners, d2. Between these gas-boxes is a partition-plate, e, whereby the heated products of combustion from the burners d2, which are on the lefthand gas-boxes shown in Fig. 2, are caused to pass upward in close proximity to the floor D ofthe oven or baking-chamber, in order to reach the ends of the heating-tubes c, which is their only avenue of escape.

I have here represented the smoke-pipe G as surrounded by an outer shell or jacket, G', having numerous perforations at the top through which fresh air may enter, and also having numerous perforations in the top of its horizontally-extending portion through which the fresh air may enter the heating-chamber below the plate b. In this plate b are also numerous perforations (best shown in Fig. 4) through which heated air may pass upward in proximity to the burners d in order to support combustion therein.

VThe arrangement of the jacket creasing surrounding the smoke-pipe is very important, because then all the fresh air necessary to support combustion in the burners will be heated to a high degree before it is delivered to the burners. 4

The arrangement of the gas-boxes within the heating-chamber is very important, because the supply of gas which is kept in reserve within them will enable the gas to be heated to a high degree before it passes to the burners.

The baking-chamber or oven is heated not only by the direct contact of the heat from the burners with the lower side of its iioor, but is internally heated by the passage of the heated products of combustion through the tubes c, which have a very large area of heating-surface within the oven.

At the front of the oven or baking-chamber are doors Ai, by which access may be had to it, and in front of the heating-chamber E are other doors, A3, which afford access to the heating-chamber and the burners contained there-Y in. I may employ illuminating-gas as the heating-agent, and in such case the doors A3 may be transparent, and the light therefrom will be sufficient to contribute ina considerable dey gree to the lighting of the workshop.

Below the plate C, I have represented a vproving-oven or heating-chamber, H, wherein bread or other food may be placed to rise or prove. I do not desire to limit my invention to the employment of the gas-boxes cl, nor to the em- @saver ployment of gas as the heating-agent, as it is obvious that any kind of gas burners or lamps, or burners fed by hydrocarbon oils or other fuel, may be' arranged within the heatingchamber for heating the oven, and would produce substantially the same effect.

Vhatever be the heating-agent employed, it is int-ended that the floor of the oven shall be heated directly by the impingement of hot air, and. also aided by the passage of hot air and products of combustion through the heating-tubes e.

Where gas is employed,it is most important, however, to make use of the large gas-boxes d, and it is also most important to surround the smoke-pipe by a jacket wherein fresh air will be heated before it passes to the burners.

I am aware that it is not new to conduct the hot gases and products of combustion through tubes arranged within an oven or baking-chamber for the purpose of heating the same; and I am also aware that it is not new to heat air prior to supplying it to support combustion in gas-burners. I do not, therefore, claim these features, broadly, as of my invention.

What I claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

1. In an oven, the combination of the following elements: the baking-chamber B, the heating -chamber E, extending beneath the baking-chamber, and the smoke-box F, arranged at the side of the heating-chamber and beneath the baking-chamber, the U-shaped tubes c within the baking-chamber and having their ends terminating in' the heatingchamber and smoke-box, gas-boxes d, surmounted by burners and arranged in the heating-chamber beneath the door of the bakingchamber, and the upright partition, e, extending upward between the gas-boxes nearly to the iioor of the baking-chamber, and whereby the burners farthest from the inlet ends of the tubes c are made effective in heati-ng the floor D ofthe baking-chamber, substantially as herein described.

2. The combination, with an oven or naking-chamber and a heating-chamber arranged below the same, of a smoke-box arranged below and at one side of the oven or bakingchamber, the heating-tubes extending across within the oven or baking-chamber and having their end portions extending downward through the floor of the oven or baking-chamber and communicating, respectively,with the heating-chamber and smoke-box, burners in the heating-chamber, a smoke-pipe extending horizontally from the smoke box or chamber through the heating-chamber and thence upward, and a fresh-air jacket or casing surrounding the smoke-pipe, and having its portion which extends horizontally through the heatingchamber perforated for the passage of heated air upward to the burners, substantially as herein described. j

3. The combination, with the oven or baking-chamber B and the heating-chamber E,

separated by the door D, of the smoke-box F zontaily-extending portion perforated for the ro passage of heated air upward through the partition b to supply the burners, substantially as herein described.

VILLIAM HENRY THOMPSON.

Witnesses:

D. THOMPSON, R THOMPSON. 

